In the Spring of 2012, a team of researchers at the universities of Cambridge and Sussex in the United Kingdom sought out a rather exceptional cohort of participants for an experiment — hedge fund traders in the City of London, one of the world’s financial capitals. These 18 financiers, all men, practiced a vertigo-inducing form of the craft, making trades in seconds or minutes, or, in more long-term deals, over a period of hours. It’s up to the trader to infer patterns on the fly; make sense of huge amounts of rapidly shifting data; and, as the researchers note, make major decisions in a matter of seconds. What’s more, their compensation was structured so as ...